非零压差边界下间隙流动雷诺方程近似解析解

为了获得间隙密封、滑动轴承等的液膜压力分布解析表达式,将间隙流动雷诺方程的解析解表示为特解和通解之和,其中特解表示为周向坐标函数和轴向坐标函数之和,通解表示为周向坐标函数和轴向坐标函数之积,结合分离变量法和非零压差边界条件,推导获得间隙流动雷诺方程的近似解析解。基于近似解析解计算间隙密封的液膜承载力和偏位角等参数,并与采用有限差分法的计算结果对比,其中液膜承载力偏差小于5%,偏位角偏差小于3°,而计算效率提高了数百倍。      

航空煤油泵轴尾机械密封副材料特性

为选择适合在航空煤油介质中工作的机械密封副材料,对材料的摩擦特性进行了研究,利用摩擦磨损试验机得到不同工况条件与表面粗糙度下材料的摩擦因数、温升,在原子力显微镜(AFM)下对3组典型配对材料的微观磨损形貌进行观测,分析磨粒磨损和黏着磨损的行为差异,计算磨损的关键参数。研究发现:聚四氟乙烯（PTFE)在既定条件下为性能最佳的软材料;硬材料表面粗糙度值为0.05时的摩擦性能最佳,不同硬材料间性能差异不大。研究发现PTFE在配磨材料上产生的犁沟效应最轻微,黏附的元素颗粒最少;黏着磨损会造成表面高度分布函数的偏移,利用离散化求解公式得到了黏着体积与平均黏着厚度。      

Effect of rotor-mounted protrusion on sealing performance and flow structure in rotor-stator cavity

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of protrusion radial position and height on the sealing performance and flow structure in the rotor-stator cavity. The rotor-mounted protrusions are assembled at three radial positions and are set to three heights. The cavity is equipped with three rim seals: a radial seal, an axial seal and a seal with double fins on the stator. The annulus Reynolds number is set at $4.39\times {10}^5$ and the rotational Reynolds number ranges from $7.51\times {10}^5$ to $1.20\times {10}^6$. Heat and mass transfer analogy is applied. Pressure and ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2$ concentration are measured. The experimental results show that in cavities with different rim seals, radial distributions of the sealing efficiency, pressure and swirl ratio are basically the same. The sealing performance is improved by protrusions compared with the cavity without protrusion and improves with the increase of protrusion radial position and height. The effect of protrusion increases with the increase of the rotational Reynolds number. The windage loss and the flow resistance introduced by protrusions are investigated. It is found that induced windage loss and flow resistance decrease with the increase of protrusion radial position but increase with the protrusion height.     

大缝隙密封的几种异型截面橡胶密封结构的有限元分析

针对大缝隙密封要求,利用有限元方法,考虑了橡胶材料的非线性影响,分别对矩形、椭圆形、骨形、塔形和月形硅橡胶密封件和相应的O形密封圈的压缩变形过程、压缩反力、接触应力和性能特点进行分析,计算结果与压缩试验结果基本一致,证明有限元方法可应用于该类橡胶密封结构的设计分析。密封模拟试验结果表明,塔形和矩形密封圈可在较大缝隙时（大于5mm）保证良好的气密性,弥补了传统0形密封圈的不足。     

一种低迟滞低磨损的指尖密封型线构形的研究

针对迄今指尖密封多目标性能优化研究中存在的难以实现迟滞性能和磨损性能同步改善的问题,通过引入Stackelberg对策理论,并将指尖密封型线构形作为优化"元素",构建了指尖密封迟滞性能和磨损性能优化的Stackelberg模型.在正向Stackelberg主从对策机制下,采用基于有限元仿真和BP神经网络的遗传算法在Stackelberg系统主从层面上实现了指尖密封性能的可控优化,获得了具有低迟滞低磨损性能的"上凹"构形指尖密封型线.有限元仿真分析合理地解释了"上凹"型线指尖密封具有较好性能的原因,表明"上凹"型线指尖密封具有良好的应用前景.      

液体发动机涡轮泵端面密封长期贮存变形研究

为分析长期贮存条件下液体火箭发动机涡轮泵端面密封变形问题,采用有限元分析软件对其静环组件过盈配合过程中的变形及长期贮存中的蠕变进行了分析计算,考虑静环座与石墨环间摩擦不均匀及二者为椭圆等因素对变形的影响,估算得到最大变形量引起的介质泄漏率。研究表明:长期贮存条件下,石墨环端面沿圆周方向会出现马鞍形变形,径向为内高外低,石墨环变形会引起较大的介质泄漏率,长期贮存条件下的石墨环变形会对液体发动机安全使用构成隐患。     

一种飞船生保试验舱温控系统的密封方法

文章介绍了采用聚酰亚胺胶带快速抢修生保试验舱温控系统银焊缝渗漏的方法及实施过程中解决的卡箍的不圆度、胶带缠绕的厚度、接头管径的不同等一些关键性技术问题.     

指尖密封泄漏流动的数值仿真分析

介绍了指尖密封的基本结构,并根据指尖密封的结构特点,提出了指尖密封泄漏流动的数学模型和计算模型。针对影响指尖密封封严特性的主要影响因素,用FLUENT流体分析计算软件对该计算模型进行了数值仿真计算,最后给出了数值仿真计算的结论。      

Effects of swirl brake axial arrangement on the leakage performance and rotor stability of labyrinth seals

Swirl brakes are usually introduced at the seal entrance in industry to improve the seal stability, especially for labyrinth seals suffering low seal clearance and high inlet preswirl ratio. However, how to arrange swirl brakes at the seal entrance to obtain better seal stability retains unknown, such as the axial distance between the brake trailing edge and the first tooth. To this end, the effects of the distance between brakes and the first tooth on the leakage flow rate and seal rotordynamic coefficients were numerically investigated at typical inlet preswirl ratios of 0.45 and 0.8, and the predicted results were in comparison with the results for no-brake configuration. The obtained results disclose that the brake configuration arranged against the first tooth produces lower circumferential velocity in the downstream of the brakes as a result of the larger counter-clockwise vortex moving from the brake trailing edge to the brake leading edge when compared to the brake configuration away from the first tooth. Besides, the dropped circumferential velocity in the downstream of brakes will cause larger pressure fluctuation in the circumferential direction and thus generates larger tangential force to restrain the rotor forward whirl. On the other hand, the effective damping is further increased when the distance between brakes and the first tooth decreases to zero, that is, the crossover frequency is even disappeared at the inlet preswirl ratio of 0.45 and successfully drops from 69.9 Hz to 32.7 Hz at the preswirl ratio of 0.8.     

基于逆向射流抑制封严篦齿泄漏流动的数值及实验研究

针对一直通型篦齿通道进行了二维数值模拟，建立了9种封严结构模型，重点研究了位置和角度变化时逆向射流对篦齿内部流场的影响，探讨了不同模型下篦齿前后压比与泄漏系数的关系，发现各工况下的逆向射流在一定程度上都能够增强篦齿的封严效果，并且射流角度越小，密封性能越佳，射流位置在第一节齿腔中间时，抑制泄漏的效果最佳，当射流角为45°，射流位置在第一齿腔中间时，泄漏系数相对不带逆向射流时能够降低11.5%。在此基础上，进行了带逆向射流的二维直通型封严篦齿实验，在不同的压比下，用PIV分别测量了3种射流角度和3种射流位置下的篦齿通道内部流场，实验结果与数值计算变化规律一致。